创业公司程序员自主性与工作效率探讨：996工作制的利弊分析

第一时间关注程序员（袁）身边的故事

图片来自网络

作者

读得好 1989

CSDN博客

大多数互联网公司都是开放的，工作时间灵活。

然而，对于一些创业理念较老的老板来说，996小时工作似乎是获得融资、寻求发展的唯一途径。

没有歧视，也没有地域社会抽签，但我个人认为北京中关村的创业公司，加班比较认真。也就是说，执行996的互联网公司越来越多。

一直困扰我的问题是强制加班和工作效率的问题。今天我就和大家分享一下。如果我有什么不足之处请指正。

1、创业公司程序员自主权高

对于初创公司的软件工程来说，自主权非常高。他们都想做出一些成绩，并试图与大公司生产的应用程序的效果和性能相匹配。因此，如果手头的工作没有完成，创业公司的程序员大多会选择自动加班，迟到一两个小时，甚至偶尔加班到半夜。这是自愿的，说不定公司会付他一顿饭钱。

2 强制加班导致效率低下

但不得不说，强制加班肯定会导致效率低下。这是人性的共同心理。大家都知道，无论早下班还是晚下班，我还是要熬夜到21点下班。强制的996工作时间会严重影响程序员的日常生活，没有时间健身，没有时间和朋友聚会，没有时间陪伴老婆孩子。随着时间的推移，程序员越来越自闭，说话越来越少，心情也越来越差。

我每天晚上21:00下班，回到家几乎0:00就睡着了。第二天不可能保持良好的状态。因此，出现了一个非常普遍的现象。程序员早上几乎不工作。他们看新闻、浏览微博……

被迫患上严重的拖延症，反正老板也不提倡早下班，那我们又何必急着把事情快点做完呢？到了公司，你可以先看一轮娱乐新闻，然后去走廊抽根烟，泡杯咖啡，和幕后的同事聚在一起，分享一些八卦。时间过得真快。转眼间已是晚上八九点了，回头一看，自己真正做过的事情屈指可数。当然，这并不妨碍我在10点的时候拍一张自拍照，发到朋友圈，并写上“累但快乐”的字样。看似我什么都没做，还得到了老板的认可，但实际上我是在浪费生命。

3 沟通方式导致效率低下

互联网时代的工作方式绝对不再是QQ、微信、邮件。市场上有许多有用的工作协作软件，例如很棒的 Slack。然而，许多保守的企业家还没有意识到，他们继续使用QQ和微信是因为员工的学习成本很高。

这会带来什么后果？每天你都会听到，把你上次发的文件发给我，最新的客户在哪里，再把图片发给我……

明白为什么 Slack 如此受欢迎吗？

您将获得两全其美的效果。一是透明度的提高：你可以看到别人在做什么，不需要一大早就开公司例行会议；您不再需要定期报告等文件。它还支持跨部门协作，因此工程师可以看到设计师的工作情况，技术团队可以看到客户服务的处理方式。您所要做的就是在其他频道的流上滑动手指。

第二点是公司内部所有正在进行的沟通都是由数字知识系统代表的。在大多数系统中，知识都是基于电子邮件且分散的，就好像每个人都有自己的怪癖一样。但当你将其给予他人时，他们现在和将来都会受益。因此，每当有人加入时，他们的收件箱就永远不会是空的。做出的每一个决定，举行的每一次讨论，每次有人提到资源、公司或组织，任何时候任何人共享链接、交换文件，所有这些都是可搜索的，你必须这样做，只是回顾一下。这是非常有意义的。

4 开发方式导致效率低下

这种情况应该很少见，但是我遇到过。

先说一下这个开发团队，三台服务器，一台iOS，一台Android，还有一个产品经理。

如果老板有什么问题，把需求告诉产品经理，然后产品经理会告诉工程师该怎么做，需求是什么。

接下来，你总会听到产品经理问程序员，开发这个功能需要多长时间？我保证即使一个任务一天能完成，你也会说需要两天，也有人会说需要一周。

为什么会发生这种情况？

老板说，作为一家初创公司，我们需要打造一个高度自治的团队，所以不需要技术总监来分配任务之类的。

然而，有经验的程序员会愚弄老板和产品。

以上观点来自CSDN博客《世博1989》

接下来，我们来做一些计算：

一周正常工作时间为8×5=40小时。

如果是6天工作制，8×6=48小时，增加了20%的工作时间。其实周末我们通常都是迟到早退，效率不太高。事实上，增幅高达 15%。

如果严格执行996，10×6=60小时，增加了50%的工作时间。但在持续的996状态下，正常人是不可能长期保持状态和效率的。根据我的经验，工作时间实际上增加了35%左右。

现在是时候问你的老板问题了：

Q1.将工作时间增加 15% 到 35% 是否会增加成功或生存的等效概率？

Q2。我们都知道互联网产品的成功率不到1%。哪怕是1%，如果提高到1.35%，这就是老板想看到的结果吗？

前往 XX 为 996，离开 XX 为 996。

严格来说，这就是“操你的定期加班制度”。

互联网行业竞争激烈，人活得快，死得也快。很难说你永远不会加班。每年总是赶工期，发布版本时，冲刺式的临时加班在所难免。但您的公司不会急于在截止日期前完成全年发布版本，对吧？从年初到年底，老板，你在做什么？

以上意见来自：大姨妈

结论

996至少可以导致猝死，是杀人行为。我的同学中只有两个因为经常上夜班而脑溢血。一人去世，另一人半身不遂。他们都30多岁了。

从更大范围来看，996不遵守劳动法最终将导致资本主义经济危机。

下面是一篇外国人写的文章。非常好，我想与大家分享：

不应该允许开发人员加班

I have a very simple tip for software companies and engineering managers who want to make their developers happier and more productive (and less likely to produce buggy code). Forbid overtime.

I give this advice based primarily on what I've observed personally (and anecdotally via friends in the industry). What I've witnessed is that people who are flogged like mules either burn out, quit their jobs unexpectedly, or (worse) stay with the company, carrying a new, sour attitude.

Conversely, I've seen that developers who are encouraged to go home at quitting time tend to do a better overall job, because they know what's expected of them (i.e., finish what you're doing by 5:00) and come to work in the morning well-rested (or at least with a reasonably positive outlook compared to their counterparts at other companies who are doing 60- or 80-hour weeks).

People who know they have to leave at 5:00 (or 6:00, etc.) tend to go to extra lengths to finish whatever it is they were working on before the clock runs out. They ramp up their productivity as necessary to get work done in the time allotted. This is what you want.

Productive employees become more productive when they have to work within time constraints, because they learn time-management skills they wouldn't otherwise learn. That sounds like a tautology, but it's true.

It works in reverse as well. You find out quickly who your less-productive people are when they're under time constraints. This is valuable info if you're a manager.

The no-overtime rule tends to enforce good project-management discipline. People become realistic about how much progress can be achieved in a given length of time and set milestone dates accordingly. If delivery goals aren't met, new dates are set (assuming there's a firm no-overtime rule) and project managers assume responsibility for the initial misjudgment. (Of course, the project managers get their time estimates from the various engineering managers, so the responsibility for missing a goal actually gets cascaded down through management.)

Without a no-overtime rule, people are expected to adjust their work day as needed in order to meet milestones, and failure to meet the goal is blamed on employees rather than management (because the underlying assumption is that if you put in enough hours, you could have made the goal). Putting the onus for lateness on regular employees rather than managers only demoralizes workers and makes them less apt to deliver on future deadlines. The right thing to do (the productive thing to do, in the long run) is let managers bear responsibility for lateness -- as they should.

When I see or hear tales of people sleeping under their desk and drinking energy drinks while they bang out code at 2:00 in the morning, I know that the company in question is poorly run and will ultimately suffer (in any number of possible ways) for making (or letting) people work crazy shifts. "But," you may be saying, "what if people are putting in those hours because they truly want to?" In my experience, people with families like to be with their families. Some people take classes at night (or need to change a baby's diapers in the middle of the night), or have ailing relatives to take care of, or have any number of other outside responsibilities. Working till dawn is not an option for some people, and in my experience most people do not choose it voluntarily. There are exceptions, of course (such as with short-staffed entrepreneurs who are trying to bootstrap a new business), but as a general rule, working till 2:00 or sleeping under your desk not only reflects bad company policy but poor personal judgment as well. (Again, though, if you're a founder of a new business, you do what you have to do. But if you know what's good for you, you won't make others work that way.)

I'm sure there are some who would say that in these troubled economic times, special measures are called for. Many companies, after all, are fighting for their very lives right now. Surely workers should expect to work overtime some of the time, until the economic storm passes?

To which I say: If your situation is so desperate that you think making people work a few extra hours is going to save the company, you're in more trouble than you think. Way more.

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